Supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) is a state of carbon dioxide characterized by its unique properties, occurring above a critical temperature of 31.1°C and a critical pressure of 73.8 bar. In this state, scCO2 exhibits a density akin to liquids while maintaining gas-like viscosity, making it an effective solvent for various non-polar compounds. The article explores…
Supercritical fluids are substances that exist above their critical temperature and pressure, allowing them to possess properties of both liquids and gases. This article explores the thermal conductivity of supercritical fluids, focusing on measurement techniques such as the transient hot wire method, laser flash analysis, and the guarded hot plate method. It highlights the significance…
Supercritical methanol and ethanol are solvents that exist above their critical temperature and pressure, exhibiting enhanced solvating capabilities. Supercritical methanol operates at a critical temperature of 239°C and a pressure of 8.1 MPa, while supercritical ethanol has a critical temperature of 240°C and a pressure of 6.1 MPa. These solvents are valuable in various industrial…
Supercritical water is a state of water characterized by high temperature and pressure, where its viscosity ranges from approximately 0.3 to 0.4 mPa·s at 400 °C and 25 MPa, significantly lower than that of liquid water. This reduced viscosity enhances mass transfer and reaction rates, making supercritical water valuable in applications such as hydrothermal processing,…
Pressure is a critical factor influencing the properties of supercritical fluids, including their density, solubility, and diffusivity. As pressure increases, supercritical fluids, such as carbon dioxide, exhibit enhanced solvent capabilities, particularly for non-polar compounds. This article explores how pressure adjustments can optimize extraction processes in various industries, including pharmaceuticals, material processing, and food processing. Furthermore,…
Supercritical Fluid Technology utilizes supercritical fluids—substances that exist above their critical temperature and pressure—across various applications, including extraction, chromatography, and material processing. These fluids possess unique characteristics that combine the properties of gases and liquids, enabling efficient solvation, rapid diffusion, and low surface tension. This technology is particularly effective in extracting essential oils, flavors, and…
Supercritical ethanol is a state of ethanol characterized by high pressure and temperature, where it exhibits properties of both a gas and a liquid. This unique state allows for the efficient extraction of bioactive compounds from plants, making it valuable in industries such as pharmaceuticals and food processing. The extraction efficiency of supercritical ethanol is…
Supercritical fluids are substances that exist above their critical temperature and pressure, where they exhibit unique solvent properties. This article explores the role of supercritical fluids, particularly supercritical carbon dioxide, in extraction processes across various industries, including food, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and environmental remediation. Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) offers advantages such as higher efficiency, reduced use…
Supercritical propane is a unique state of propane that exhibits distinct fluid properties at its critical point, with a critical temperature of approximately 96.7 degrees Celsius and a critical pressure of about 4.25 MPa. In this supercritical state, propane has a density of around 0.58 g/cm³, significantly lower than water, and demonstrates enhanced solvation capabilities…
Supercritical fluids are substances that exist above their critical temperature and pressure, exhibiting properties of both liquids and gases. This article explores how supercritical fluids, particularly supercritical carbon dioxide, enhance chemical reactions by improving reaction rates and selectivity. It discusses the influence of temperature and pressure on the behavior of supercritical fluids, highlighting their ability…